emory Problems or Difficulty Concentrating
B12 deficiency can cause problems with memory, concentration, and mental clarity. In severe cases, it may contribute to confusion and other cognitive problems.
6. Mood Changes or Depression
Some people with B12 deficiency may experience irritability, mood changes, or symptoms of depression. B12 is involved in normal brain and nervous-system function, although mood changes can have many other causes as well.
7. Shortness of Breath or Dizziness
People with B12-deficiency anemia may experience shortness of breath, dizziness, or lightheadedness, especially during physical activity. This happens because anemia reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.
8. Glossitis (Sore, Swollen, or Inflamed Tongue)
B12 deficiency can cause glossitis, in which the tongue becomes sore, swollen, smooth, or inflamed. Some people may also experience a burning sensation in the mouth.
9. Vision Problems
In rare or severe cases, B12 deficiency can affect the optic nerve and cause vision problems. Any new or unexplained vision changes should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
10. Digestive Problems
B12 deficiency may be associated with digestive symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, or an upset stomach.
11. Heart Palpitations
B12-deficiency anemia can sometimes cause a rapid heartbeat or heart palpitations because the heart has to work harder to deliver enough oxygen to the body.
Who Is at Risk for Vitamin B12 Deficiency?
- Older adults: B12 absorption can decrease with age.
- Vegans and some vegetarians: Vitamin B12 occurs naturally mainly in animal-derived foods, although fortified foods and supplements can provide B12.
- People with digestive or absorption problems: Conditions such as celiac disease and Crohn’s disease can interfere with B12 absorption. Certain weight-loss surgeries can also increase the risk.
- People taking certain medications: Long-term use of medications such as proton pump inhibitors and metformin can reduce B12 absorption or increase the risk of deficiency.
If you experience any of these symptoms or believe you may be at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency, talk to a healthcare professional. Blood tests can help determine whether your B12 level is low, and treatment may include vitamin B12 supplements, injections, or dietary changes, depending on the underlying cause.
Have you experienced any of these symptoms, or do you know someone who may be at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency?
